Here is my problem I need to use one variable 'target_host' and then append '_host' to it's value to get another variable name whose value I need. If you look at my playbook. Task nbr 1,2,3 fetch the value of variable however nbr 4 is not able to do what I expect. Is there any other way to achieve the same in ansible?
--- - name: "Play to for dynamic groups" hosts: local vars: - target_host: smtp - smtp_host: smtp.max.com tasks: - name: testing debug: msg={{ target_host }} - name: testing debug: msg={{ smtp_host }} - name: testing debug: msg={{ target_host }}_host - name: testing debug: msg={{ {{ target_host }}_host }}
Output:
TASK: [testing] ***************************************************************
ok: [127.0.0.1] => { "msg": "smtp"
}
TASK: [testing] ***************************************************************
ok: [127.0.0.1] => { "msg": "smtp.max.com"
}
TASK: [testing] ***************************************************************
ok: [127.0.0.1] => { "msg": "smtp_host"
}
TASK: [testing] ***************************************************************
ok: [127.0.0.1] => { "msg": "{{{{target_host}}_host}}"
}10 Answers
If you have a variable like
vars: myvar: xxx xxx_var: anothervalue
the working Ansible syntax:
- debug: msg={{ vars[myvar + '_var'] }}
will give you the analogue of:
- debug: msg={{ xxx_var }}
This is possible as of Ansible 2.5 with the vars lookup plugin, which I think is less likely to break without warning than some of the other methods posted here. For example:
--- - name: "Example of dynamic groups" hosts: localhost vars: - target_host: smtp - smtp_host: smtp.max.com tasks: - name: testing debug: msg={{ lookup('vars', target_host + '_host') }}Output:
PLAY [Example of dynamic groups] **************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] **************************************************
ok: [localhost]
TASK [testing] **************************************************
ok: [localhost] => { "msg": "smtp.max.com"
}You can use "hostvars" to pass the variable, host facts can be loaded from group vars or host vars
yml
---
- name: "Play to for dynamic groups" hosts: x0 vars: - target_host: smtp tasks: - set_fact: smtp_host="smtp.max.com" - set_fact: host_var_name={{target_host}}_host - set_fact: dym_target_host={{hostvars[inventory_hostname][host_var_name]}} - name: testing debug: msg={{ target_host }} - name: testing debug: msg={{ smtp_host }} - name: testing debug: msg={{ target_host }}_host - name: testing debug: msg={{ dym_target_host }}output:
PLAY [Play to for dynamic groups] *********************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok: [x0]
TASK: [set_fact smtp_host="smtp.max.com"] *************************************
ok: [x0]
TASK: [set_fact host_var_name=smtp_host] **************************************
ok: [x0]
TASK: [set_fact dym_target_host={{hostvars[inventory_hostname][host_var_name]}}] ***
ok: [x0]
TASK: [testing] ***************************************************************
ok: [x0] => { "msg": "smtp"
}
TASK: [testing] ***************************************************************
ok: [x0] => { "msg": "smtp.max.com"
}
TASK: [testing] ***************************************************************
ok: [x0] => { "msg": "smtp_host"
}
TASK: [testing] ***************************************************************
ok: [x0] => { "msg": "smtp.max.com"
}
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
x0 : ok=8 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0You need to put quotes around it:
- hosts: local vars: [ target_host: smtp ] tasks: debug: msg="{{ target_host }}_host"-- edit --
Kashyap I need to go one more level than this. Imagine there is another variable 'smtp_host' and I want to construct that variable at runtime using another variable(target_host) and attaching a string '_host' to it. = {{ {{ target_host }}_host }} – Max
My bad. Didn't read carefully enough.
This (AFAIK) isn't possible. The primary limitation that stops us doing this (no matter how you spin it), is 'variable expansion' in ansible is a single pass process and what you want requires multiple-passes.
Only [seriously hacky] ways I can think of are:
- Create the playbook dynamically from your playbook using
templateand execute it. - I heard that Jinja2 engine does multi-pass evaluation. May be if you put these strings in a template and then use the
lookup('template', ...)filter. Unfortunately I have no experience with Jinja2 templates so not quite sure if this is even an option.
You have two ways to choose:
1. General using.
vars: - target_host: smtp - smtp: smtp.max.com
tasks: - name: testing debug: msg={{ target_host }} - name: testing debug: msg={{ smtp }} - name: testing debug: msg={{ vars[target_host] }}2. Using fact
tasks: - set_fact: target_host=smtp - set_fact: smtp=smtp.max.com - name: testing debug: msg={{ target_host }} - name: testing debug: msg={{ smtp }} - name: testing debug: msg={{hostvars[inventory_hostname][target_host]}}I'm currently using the array-like syntax of Jinja 2. I don't think this is a great solution, but I've yet to find something better.
Let me give an example with one of my abstracted tasks. See my variable configuration and example task below:
# Variables file, available in the task context
containers: app: image: mynamespace/myappcontainer:snapshot web: image: nginx:latest db: image: mariadb:latest
# Example task
- name: Start containers docker_container: name: "{{ item }}" image: "{{ containers[item].image }}" with_items: - app - web - dbIn the above example I'm using the with_items Ansible loop, which runs the task for each item and makes the {{ item }} variable available accordingly.
This results in creating 3 Docker containers each with the proper container name based on the items list, and the proper image retrieved from the external variables I've configured.
Even though this example uses with_items, it is of course adaptable to your problem with use of your own variables.
Although this works perfectly fine in this situation, I'm afraid this requires the variables you'd like to access to be part of some parent variable (containers in this example). Therefore I'd recommend to split variables with a . to construct a hierarchy, and not with a _.
A variable like a.b.c where b is dynamic, would be accessible using a[b].c.
A variable like a.b where b is dynamic, would be accessible using a[b].
A solution you would use might look like (untested):
- name: "Play to for dynamic groups" hosts: local vars: - target: smtp - hosts: smtp: smtp.max.com imap: imap.max.com tasks: - name: testing debug: msg={{ hosts[target] }}Note that the variables are configured slightly differently, because it's structure is hierarchical.
3You can nest your lookups like so:
---
- hosts: local connection: local gather_facts: no vars: target_host: smtp lookup_host: "{{ target_host }}_host" smtp_host: smtp.max.com tasks: - debug: var="{{ lookup_host }}"Seems to me you can just use the var option instead of msg:
debug: var="{{ target_host }}_host"Gives:
TASK [testing] ********************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [localhost] => { "smtp_host": "smtp.max.com"
}There are many answers above. It helped me a lot. But i have not found a single answer how to keep these variable in vars-> main.yml file. So you have to create a dictionary in vars-> main.yml file.
vars -> main.yml file
cassandra_version: 2.1.16
file_sha_cassandra: "apache-cassandra-{{ cassandra_version }}_sha256"
# Create Dictionary here
cassandra: apache-cassandra-2.1.16_sha256: "sha256: checksum_of_file" ##Add more variableNow you have to call this in task -> main.yml file:
--- - name: Down load Cassandra Binaries get_url: url: "file_url" dest: "{{ base_directory }}" checksum: "{{ cassandra[file_sha_cassandra] }}" timeout: 800You can try global array var:
regions: us-east-1: endpoint: rds.us-east-1.amazonaws.com cn-north-1: endpoint: rds.cn-north-1.amazonaws.com.cn cn-northwest-1: endpoint: rds.cn-northwest-1.amazonaws.com.cnAnd use it to get value depending of another:
region_endpoint: "{{ regions[region].endpoint}}"In your case:
target_host: imap: host: imap.max.com smtp: host: smtp.max.comthen:
region_endpoint: "{{ target_host[service].host}}"
